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The French Revolution

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at the height of the eighteenth-century the most glorious Kingdom in Europe would face a YG fo the power of its own people one man would rise to inspire the nation of the cast aside reluctant King and I hated queen and the new Republic would be born in blood the blood of the French Revolution 1794 Francis conciergerie an impenetrable fortress on the banks of the Seine River dank rat-infested it is known as deaths antechamber inside the voice of a Young Nation is about to be silenced  as his hair is short and his neck laid bare for the blade the guillotine Maximilien Robespierre prepares to pay for the cataclysm left in his wake the explosion of events that the French Revolution  French Revolution is extraordinary moment when people began to believe that you could actually create almost everything in the society that you could not only change the politics of the institutions but you could change Yuma nature itself through put a collection trench Evolution really does constitute Crossroads of the modern world where everything begins to turn in a different direction the Revolutions of feudal land turn its back on aristocratic tradition and chart of violent new course for the future the very Foundation of Europe and its impact would be felt across the seas the French Revolution is the most important event in Western history there are developments that can rival it like the Industrial Revolution like capitalism but if you mean an event I can't think of anything more important it with the revolution that upset slumerican when you consider that it got rid of the Catholic church I got rid of Christianity I got rid of the nobility of got rid of the king got rid of all these things  the French solution would bring bread to the poor democracy to France that would establish a whole new order of society but progress would, the price was really a moment of extraordinary hope extraordinary ambition and then it turned into this most horrific tragedy no broken and defeated robes Pierre not two days before student top his world residing over the Great bloodiest Revolution Europe had ever known so true to its ideals he was called The Incorruptible so powerful I just taught respect cloak and Tire City in fear Master order Road Spears words where his no Silence by a bullet to the jaw he awaits the same Swift and brutal and he has brought down on so many others the revolution is about to eat it's own no one could have foreseen the turbulent times ahead on one spring day in 1770 The Chateau of Versailles fill what's gilded Rafters with the glittering crowds of the Royal Court completed in 1682 there was the crowning Mass sub King Louie the 14th to put some distance between himself and his subjects Louis XIV transplanted the capital of France this small town 12 miles west of Paris where he had built the most magnificent Palace in all of Europe  for nearly 100 years it has been the seat of the nation's unwavering monarchy but today it is host to a very important wedding King Louie the 15th grandson Prince Louie kept a next in line for the throne is about to take a bride just 15 years old on the eve of his wedding Lewis bashful and hesitant shoe with the characteristics expected of a future king much less a husband pudgy shy painfully inadequate 18 year old with absolutely no social graces at all Louie the 15th mistress Madame du Barry, fat ill-bred boy basically was just a slug it was very to decision to seek Dillard incessantly he was always ready to be persuaded by the last person he had talked to again those are usually not considered good leadership qualities Louis marriage is a political union between Austrian royal family the habsburgs and his own the Bourbons the wedding symbolizes the end of an ancient rivalry at the beginning of new Regional ties the young bride-to-be arrives France the wide-eyed and pretty 14 year old girls  Marie Antoinette Marie Antoinette Austria she's the youngest daughter of the Empress Maria Theresa and she comes to France as part of a marriage deal which next a great reversal of alliances whereby For the First Time In Living memory France and Austria become allies rather than enemies Mary comes to friends as a political gesture but as a teenager she has little interest in political affairs Pharmacy internet came to go she was very young she didn't know a great deal about the country she was coming too she didn't know about the Customs she didn't know about the court she will certainly have strong girl a very Lively girl but you still girl with blue eyes she is pretty and she likes being attractive to people and she comes with the intention of winning over her husband and her new family on the night of the wedding there is an ominous storm but inside the Grandeur of the ceremony lights up as the newlyweds make their way to the Royal bedroom in an age-old ceremony to encourage the conception where the king's courtiers are present as the awkward young couple is revealed in the marriage bed for the first time the crowd is delighted and expectations are high but once the curtains are drawn it's clear that an ear will not be easily produced  Bluey was not only not interested in ruling Louie wasn't particular interested in loving either and he paid her no attention on the first nights in further into their marriage many years will pass before the marriage is finally consummate the lack of an heir was shooting spark gossip all across the kingdom that will continue to plague the couple for years to come  the grand wedding gay continues for days but outside the gates of our side there is hardly cause for celebration years of mismanagement by the monarchy left the French people deprived and hungry  nearly a decade earlier King Louie the 15th lost the Seven Years War battling ran over territory in North America  digital faded conflict with bankrupt in France of money and Prestige leaving the is coffers drain even as its population is growing bigger everyday what diseases like to play a good distant memory fewer people are dying but more and more of them are hungry France Grew From 20 million to 26 million in 18th century after having grown only 1 million in the preceding two centuries that put tremendous strain on what was there and so there was a lot of anxiety 4 years after the royal wedding Prince Louis grandfather loses his final battle with smallpox Louis make dyes a defeated and unpopular King at least behind a country on the brink of Chaos in a lavish ceremony Young Prince Louie inherits the throne and is crowned King Louie the 16th  despite his insistence on the grandiose coronation Louie is all too aware that he is wolfle unprepared for the job he doesn't know what to do you feel as if the world is falling in upon him so he's been educated in the full expectation of becoming King he doesn't feel ready for it for the kingdom in crisis Louis XVI is the worst man to have on the watch 20 year old King praise protect us Lord for we Reign too young ensconced in the Royal Apartments in Versailles Louis and Marie begin their promising new lives as young monarchs by only 12 miles away in the city of Morris another new hero is gone one that is on a collision course with the monarchy itself it is a dangerous new age of ID the Age of Enlightenment does the Royal Carriage approaches the esteemed Lou La Grande crowds gather for a glimpse of Granger  it is the day to welcome the newly crowned King Louis XVI and his play Austrian wife to the City of Paris and a thing here to the welcome party is a promising young law student  Maximilien Robespierre when ropes was a Schoolboy visit to the college and ropes. Address to the king so he actually spoke to Louie XVI when he was teenager as Rhodes Pier respectfully delivers his Latin Soliloquy the king hardly notices the boy but years later their Fates will again port wine under very different much darker circumstances  one of these rituals that take place in every school and yet so charged with irony because here you had the young Robespierre reading this discourse in honor of the man he was later kill for now the welcome is warm and the flattery sincere  a visit from the royals may have won the hearts of the people but their minds are leaning increasingly in an entirely different direction  since the Middle Ages European Society had been broken into three distinct classes dictated by birth there was a Great Divide between the wealth of the nobility and the clergy and the poverty of the peasants then at the blah end of the eighteenth Century reason and science began to challenge this age-old tradition swept up on a current of innovation and new literature radiate said the philosophical center of the world the city pulses with a great flourishing of knowledge a shining Beacon of possibility what is the age of enlightenment is a movement which says don't trust Authority don't trust anything that you total by anybody else at all thank you don't feel self test it for yourself in old regime Europe you were told what to think you were given information from by your rulers by your priests and so the idea that you could map out all of human knowledge and then have access to it was Revolution in Elite salons across Paris Aristocrats gather to discuss Enlightenment authors in the burgeoning Age of Reason wheelchair Russo Prince Royce and some Champion Liberty control of One's Own Destiny and above all be koala the passion for this new literature is highest among the upper class but as Enlightenment ideas take root all levels of society the drive for equality will begin to threaten the aristocratic way of life  what makes you dangerous is it mean you will eventually question why are aristocrats the ones with privilege can't we change the world make it a better place isn't progress possible that will eventually undermine the idea that monarchy is natural aristocracy is natural and hierarchy is natural does an action one need only look across the Atlantic where the Americans are fighting for freedom from Francis old Nemesis Great Britain King Louie Wants Revenge for his grandfather's defeats and he sees an opportunity in the American war of independence Lloyd commits to the cause but total of who sells million livre enough to feed and house 7 million French citizens for a year as investment would Mark the beginning of financial Cole for France America bankruptcy France in effect because the debt which they French monarchy in in fight the American war of independence turns out to be absolutely crucial in the financial situation of the French monarchy because the French monarchy cannot pay Stetsons money and troops across the Atlantic Marie is busy incurring debts of her own you should Versailles is a never-ending routine of archaic ritual and formality there are Ceremonies for the waking of the king and queen for dressing for dining for retiring to bed to keep yourself amused amidst the ritual of drudgery Marie Antoinette presides over a parade of ink sing me out rageous Fashions where he was obsessed with fashion especially these towering hairdos that were several feet high that took hours and hours in the construction and fit all sorts of ornaments and fruits and too many people they seem like an obscenity they came to represent what was all that was wrong with and with Versailles in that culture Marie occupies herself with court gusset gambling and the staging of plays call Kaiser expenses accumulate Marie earns the nickname Madame deficit I said as the country is an economic chaos and she continues to spend as if nothing's happened on dresses and jewels and shoes and who was the Imelda Marcos of her day  of all the debts Marie incurs the greatest is what she owes her country and air to the throne in the seven years since their marriage Louis and Marie have yet to produce a child  Larry finds herself in an increasingly humiliating position the job of the queen is to produce a male Heir it's absolutely essential fold that to me some during that time the people criticize people are dissatisfied people say the king should never married this Austria noxious counting producer the throne Marie is desperate Louis appetite for food is unquestioned but sex is clearly on the menu gorgeous as my daughter cannot get him going then what is going on Louis XVI and his young wife we're not able to conceive for here's this cast a Pall on the beginning of his Reign and because his hobby is a locksmith was well known there were all sorts of places songs of circulating to the effect that the locksmith was having a hard time finding the keyhole Louis disinterest in Sachse what's the lack of bravado as a king  finally after years of frustration and pressure from the court Louie is diagnosed with a treatable condition phimosis  Louie had a deformity that made arousal extremely painful therefore there was no consummation until there was a sir procedure that can correct this but he was scared to death to have it and it took years for him to agree to have it and when he finally did Wawa after a simple surgery the couple is able to have their first child Marie Torres but there is no easy fix years of damage to Murray's image since the early 1780s lapel have circulated throughout the country pornographic satire of the the queen obscene pamphlets Bach Louise impotence and portray Murray as a promiscuous harlot in the debauched and Decker Court the people's view of the monarchy sours as conditions in the countryside worsen  natural succession of bad Harvest deregulation has raised the cost of flower leading to a shortage of the very heart of the French diet  bread but the hardships naturally stopped at the gates of Versailles is the Royals continue to live in extravagance plants are committed to paper  one charge is levels directly at the Royal Court do you know why that are so many needy people it is because your luxurious existence devours in one day the substance of a thousand men The Man Behind this charge the same young man who just a few years earlier regaled the king and queen after that coronation Maximilien Robespierre ghost Pierre the people will soon gain of voice calling for Liberty equality for revolution their son in the late 1700s is an oasis of extravagance surrounded by a land in despair an uncertain King at the helm France charging a course for disaster after 19 years of Lewis fired for children yet as a king he remains impotent in an attempt to demonstrate leadership Louis devils in Financial reforms but his misguided interfering burdens the poor with heavy taxes all the nobility pay hardly at all is the economy in Ruins and the people Restless it seems as if even the heavens are angry smiting France with the most bitterly cold winter in 18 years if ever intervene to make a situation worse summer of 78 and the spring of 1799 what weather happens by the summer of 1788 you already have a burgeoning political crisis and it's developing against the background very serious food shortage  for the people of France in the 18th century flower is the essence of life itself Brett the measure of existence most play everyone if the price doubled you were in big trouble under Louise Financial mismanagement the cost of flowers skyrockets Stars Food Supplies are forwarded cost of a loaf of bread soon equals of months earnings turns to rage riots break out across France home to Rob bakeries R-rated shopkeeper suspected stockpiling bread are Lynch with the economy in shambles the banks Force Louie to hire a fun Minister Jacques Necker and thinker is popular with the people in a way that Louie can only Envy what Mexico was undoubtedly the most popular Minister throughout the spring of 89 because he's taken the line publicly in his writing that's the government's duty is to make sure that there is enough bread and grain for everybody the nation in crisis liquor urges loading to call a meeting of the traditional representative body of the Kingdom the Estates General  it is the first the representatives have been called together in a 175 years was politically organized in something called the Estates clergy the second estate was the nobility and the Third Estate was in between else and by contemporary Reckoning the first two Estates skip ID 3% of the population and the Third Estate 97% of the population a lot of people felt it was very unfair for this Third Estate which was most of the population to only have one third of the is they felt it was very unfair that this should be a 3 chamber Parliament where the two Chambers the nobility and the clergy could always outvote The Commodores May 4th 1789 a skilled young lawyer and politician arrives at Versailles Maximilien Robespierre comes to stand before the estate General as a deputy to fight for a fair voice for the people he represents the Third Estate  and Finn from the provinces robes Pierre had reason to academic prominence on a prestigious scholarship becoming an eloquent speaker Prim and appearance would never where your phrase out of place back home in the small town of R Us the Enlightenment ideas he had absorbed in the Silence of Paris found a powerful voice as he became a HomeTown a lawyer for the downtrodden by the time you went back and started to practice as a lawyer he was reading vary widely in the Enlightenment and Robespierre with someone who won he was practicing law in a Ross tried to actually bring the ideas of the Enlightenment into the cases he was fighting Estates General Rose Pierre and his colleagues are demanding that the nobility and clergy pay taxes but Louie feels increasingly threatened by the growing radical is what's the Third Estate then on June 20th after a six-week deadlock the deputies arrived to find that they are being silenced come to their meeting at find the doors locked they suspect a plot they move next door to what we call a tennis court which is really a handball court can gather together and swear they will not stop meeting until they have a new constitution the deputies declare them a new National Assembly the true representatives of the people of France the Tennis Court Oath is one of these Gray symbolic moments in history of the French Revolution you had these people assembled in this great open space of the tennis court raising their arms and in this quasi Roman salute and for the Nash assembly this was a moment when they realized something of their power and their dignity and saw that they really could defy Francis King in one revolutionary stand of Defiance the National Assembly is born it will be a communion invoices from around the country a parliamentary body and act the people's will  but resting power from the king would not be so easy as signing a simple Proclamation  all of these victories that take place at Versailles are largely paper victories and they have no teeth to back them up and the fear that it happens it takes are the deputies if as we approach July mid July is that the king is gathering his forces to disperse them to overthrow them Waverly July 30,000 of the king's troops are taking positions around Paris to defend themselves the people form a new National Guard Riot raid Paris is armories and make away with over 28,000 muscles mission is gunpowder and the people know just where to get it in the center of Paris there looms a massive Stone dungeon notorious as a symbol of feudal rule the bestie the prison houses the city stores of gun what is legendary as a den of torture and unspeakable deaths  the bestie had been the great symbol of Royal despotism the great symbol of change the France running beyond the just limits of their own power symbol of her for the people of France  what's the rioting there is a stunning outrage Louis fires his Finance Minister the people's bill of jock Necker seen as too sympathetic to the masses hours after necklace word reaches Paris that their man on the inside has been ousted there is nothing left but revolt  would you lie crowds band together identifying themselves with a small cockade red and blue for the colors of Paris separated by white the color of the house of tri color is born from the fever is crowd a voice cries out to the best team attacking the bestie means that the people of Paris are saying you cannot get rid of the new National Assembly the people are acting there are themselves and they're basically saying we take the side of the revolution the side of the approach the governor of the bestie Bernard alone a attempts to lock down the prison emails a hopeless defense and the Marauders storm The Fortress tear into the guards with knives six finally delaunay surrenders but the enraged mob and Gulfs dragging him through the streets wojcik's stabs him until he shouts let me die crowd eagerly obliges was stabbed and shot the Revolutionary tradition is born  severed head is paraded on a pike the deputies in the National Assembly do not immediately condemn this act of violence in fact they accept it and it is acceptance of a popular violence that in some people's view created a pattern that was to have traffic consequences for the unfolding of the revolution  with a smoke still clearing over the bestie Louie the 16th turns from a hunting trip in his diary under the date July 14th 1789 he writes nothing is unsuccessful hunt  the date is rough and breaks the news of the riots and the fall of the Bastille Louie XVI asks is it a Revolt no sire he replies she's a revolution victory at the bestie unleashes the irrepressible Toronto Revolution the people had defied their key and one  there would be no turning back as a symbol of the defeat of tyranny the people men women and children dig in with bare hands and tear the best D apart Brick by feudal brick they are beginning to dismantle the past itself the French went about the process of tearing down the Bastille as quickly as they could in the absence of powerful explosives this was done very painstakingly but with a tremendous amount of vigor and the bricks we are giving away sold as emblems of the demolition of despotism the energy of the streets invigorates the National Assembly a charger is pad within days the Declaration of the rights of man under this daring new document RK class distinctions are to be abolished and all man considered truly equal a declaration of the rights of man was the Declaration promulgated by the National Assembly which said in its text that the sovereignty belong to the people belongs to the nation the king is nowhere mentioned in this document therefore by issuing this document the assembly was effectively season power for itself what's a new National Assembly as their voice the citizens of France set up to change the very fabric of their world they demand constitutional monarchy equal rights for women and justice under reasonable laws to provide a greater voice for the call of Revolution ropes it demands increased freedom for the Press long muzzled under the old regime voting Free Press is spearheaded by Alameda popular the people's friend a fiery newspaper full of vitriolic Rants and provocation it is the brainchild of a former dr. Jean-Paul Marat actress string of unsuccessful careers Mara found him living in poverty for a time finding shelter in the sewers of Paris  it was there he contracted a painful skin disease that I'll leave him confined for long periods to a medicinal bath a bitter and failed Mara finds in the revolution the perfect out for his Venom was just one of these professional malcontents and unfortunately revolutions do opportunity to professional smile took all of that vile all of that resentment and funneled it into a newspaper that became extraordinary successful let me do book my son is a man possessed of extraordinary hanger you just have to read the pages of his newspaper the friend of the people see this in every issue he displays Play Paranoid mentality he sees plots everywhere everybody is plotting against the Revolution and the answer is very simple answer is blood dancers heads morelli's the monarchies Relentless extravagance even as poverty groups France and needs only the slightest rumor to lambast the king in newspaper on October 2nd 1789 is anger boils over word reaches Paris at the King's throne party Affair saw that the decorative Royals through the new tri color flag symbol of the Revolution to the Trampled Under Foot  Myra is a Dre he reports the insult in his paper just as a new threat break it's the King has a gun ordered troops to move into positions around Paris  with a crew with the best do you still smoke in the minds of the people my rock frantically purchase them to take action people of Paris it's time to open your eyes shake your wake up once more wake up October 5th Dawn breaks to the is ringing the bells women gather near City Hall to protest the shortage of bread and now fear of the approaching Royal troops mixes Ranger has news of the Kings offensive party circulates through the crowd mm are Marching to Versailles Pikes and guns in two women are taking their complaints to the king made up of the famous fish ladies of the Central Markets who are known for their a brownie build and their fearlessness they were equipped with large knives for scaling fish they were hugely muscular because they carted boxes you didn't want to tangle with these ladies who would to the fected with an increased price of bread by the scarcity of products who suddenly begin to realize that they must act it is quite extraordinary how these are turn Laura women probably most of them couldn't even write their name suddenly act as the protagonist of the star composers did the palace word of the approaching crowd of angry women reaches the Queen's Chambers Legend has it that it is at this moment that Marie Antoinette most famous line she never said did not say let them eat cake that is a meth Mountain Natalie probably never even noticed the poor people of her country long enough to make such statements there's outside the gates Louie understands that the revolution can no longer be ignored it is being brought to his front door he agrees to sign the Declaration Rights of Man at the crowd continues to grow throughout the night by morning 20,000 people are camped outside the Royal Palace the clothes the centuries of distance between the king and his subjects the angry Mass demands that the king and queen move to Paris indecisive as ever Louie is weak to respond his hesitation would provoke a fury in the crowd and put the lives of the royal family in what danger instant compliance with what they want it really looks as if they're going to Massacre the queen a wave of women break into the Royal Palace screaming for the blood of them weed they Massacre the guards decapitated hail their heads on pikes  they weren't like banshees screaming throughout the palace give me her entrails give me your head I want to leg turn arm I think that if they had grown so frenzied that if they had encountered her the probably would have torn her to pieces terrified for her life Maria escapes to Louise apartments only moments before the women break into her Chambers and tear go to shreds  king and queen are now at the mercy of the mob what the mob wants here's a little attention from their King is family to agree to go to Paris because they can ultimately be made to do what the people of Paris once they March 60,000 strong leaving their side with car lesson wagons overflowing with flower from the King storehouses flanking the Royal Carriage all the way to Paris who is the king and queen were forced to go back to Paris with the heads of their guards who had been massacred in the Chateau don't shut off this is really a completely unbridled violence dolls condition the heads within made up with makeup and paraded at the head of the cortege with the king and queen following the king and queen must make their new home in the tuileries palace they will never see their side again they are the prisoners of Paris they know it everybody else knows it the great limits to what they can do or even dream of doing they are the prisons of the capital city no. Their sign is abandoned and the assembly moves to Paris power is now with the people France will have democracy new laws and a remarkable and unforgiving form of Justice will make its debut on the river Larry stage the guillotine 1791 nearly two years have passed since the royal family and the National Assembly have moved to Paris Robespierre appears frequently of the assembly and at the Jacobin Club a debating Society named for the former Jacobin Monastery where they gather no words are the very core of the Revolution and rubs PR speaks with an unfailing moral compass his true north is the people he soon orange the nickname The Incorruptible  France is now a constitutional monarchy the king forced to share power with the revolutionaries in the assembly but it seems Louise share is growing smaller by the day as he is forced to sign law diminishing he's on authourity and that of the other great feudal Regine the Catholic Church Louis sides the time has come to escape the Vines of the new Republic and mount a campaign to reclaim his kingdom decided by 1791 that he needed to regain control of what's on tree and he knew he could only do that with the help of foreign army so the idea was to make a break from the twillery palace band to head for the nearest border  June 21st 1791 the king and queen disguise themselves search if I cover of Darkness slip out from under the watchful eye of Paris they make an ill plan run for freedom is long past midnight when the royal family arrives in the small town of Iran some 100 miles east of Paris they are closed more durable Street safety just a few miles away. They're - to Freedom will go no further rumors of the Royals Journey have preceded them to voran a town official stops The Carriage demanding their passports the official suspicions are confirmed it is the signature of the king himself  the townsman is overcome at the sight of his King  what Mary guards nearby show no reverence for the flea Royals is favor and much to his Horror in Surprise they are not ecstatic to recognize him they see him as escaping and basically is arrested and taken back the idea that the Monarch had tried to abandon his people was psychologically catastrophic that event really broke the bond between Louie and his subjects now they had not only a king who was Superfluous they had a king was play a traitor as well with the royal family official turncoats to the revolution power shifts from Louie now prisoner King to the revolutionaries at the assembly at the very heart of the young revolutionary government is robes Pierre he shines at the calling for Liberty equality and fraternity he demands universal suffrage and an end to slavery in the French West Indies the most passionately he rails against the death penalty because in the New Age of Enlightenment Rose Pierre wants to discard all remnants the medieval past Europe had inherited amacom repertoire of execution techniques from the Dark Ages unremittingly cruel deaths by drawing and quartering hanging drowning and burning at the stake under the old regime there was a whole panoply of very gruesome punishments and decapitation was punishment reserved for the nobility and one of the things that the revolution wanted the start was to have everybody equal in death they wanted symbolically to have the same punishment available for anyone  despite Fierce opposition the new killing machine takes Centre stage in Paris  physician inventor Joseph Ignacio time devizes of Ruthless beheading machine  turning old fashioned decapitation into a humanitarian experience dr. Describes his new device to the assembly the mechanism Falls life under the head flies off blood spurts the man is no more who was the supporter of Bloodshed the journalist stop Prince and enthusiastic rent in his paper announcing the devices new name. sooner the nickname the national razor  the French revolutionaries believe in human values Fayetteville that unnecessary suffering should not be caused and what they like about the guillotine is that it is quick it's efficient and as far as we can tell although no one has returned to tell the tale it's painless Meucci was silenced the revolutions internal enemies anyone suspected of plotting to return Louie to the throne  but see enemies surrounding France that most preoccupied the assembly there is a fear that members of the extended royal family who fled to Austria will launch an arm counter-revolution  assembly calls for a preemptive attack a declaration of war on Austria but robes Pierre argues against it  Robespierre is one of the Lonely voices who is opposing because he the enemy will win is a frayed of the country isn't ready hasn't gotten would be able to defeat the enemy destroy the revolution robes Pierre loses the debate  in April 1792 the assembly declare war on Austria against a country ruled by Marie Antoinette's own family the Nationalist fervor grows if Austria defeats the Revolutionary Army Louie will undoubtedly reclaim his throne Anne-Marie is suspected of aiding the Enemy by corresponding with her relatives in Austria giving away French troop movements with the stroke of her pain world of all the king and queen Fame adherents to the revolution blue-eyed Marie Antoinette or game they are seeming to go along with the revolution many times at the same time as they are conspiring against it trying to survive if you want to be generous there survivors but if you want to be look at it from the Revolutionary point of view is there Liars with the French army already suffering huge losses On the Border word reaches Paris that Austria is Allied pressure as join station  the enemy troops are mobilized under the command of the Duke of Brunswick a Prussian General  tension reach the streets of Paris and then the newspapers print a letter from the New Brunswick a Manifesto threatening the suction Paris if any harm comes to their Royal majesties the king and queen misguided threat wildly backfires August 10th 1792 27,000 armed citizens fueled by indignant head to the tuileries palace and fall upon the Kings guards in a Savage attack  the end of the day over from both sides are dead getting fleas to Safety in the Assembly of the monarchy is no more Louis officially stripped of his title the French Republic is born the blade of the guillotine is Kristen with the Louie's remaining guards ropes Pierre once a staunch opponent death penalty has had a change of heart  first of the new Republic can only begin with the death of a dr. Chilling new device hangs over Paris like a warning the penalty for Define revolutionary Law and Order  freshly Chris with the blood of the Kings guards it will soon put a to the king himself  by August 1792 with the King deposed in the royal family secluded in the temple prison Robespierre and his Jacobins are locked in a battle with the moderates at the assembly the zero down for control of the national government I know the streets of Paris a new political movement takes hold as a symbol of their rejection of aristocratic tradition ordinary citizens refused to wear the knee breeches of the aristocrats they call themselves The Sun crew. Those without knee pads let some killer consider themselves the true people France they were not the poorest of the poor they tended to be fairly well-off artist in the shopkeepers people like that but they were people who at least claim to work with her not wearing the breach is not wearing the culotte for the song Collide with simply symbolism of being not an aristocrat being an ordinary man of people the circular seize control of paris's city government of the Jacobins and girondins steer the rest of the country from the National Assembly now called the convention  the convention struggles with the command of the beleaguered French following which is swiftly losing ground to Austria but fighting back incursions of the border the Revolutionary government cracks down on enemies with it royalists might deliver Paris into the hands of the Invaders more than a thousand people are arrested and herded into prison priest journalists ordinary men and women  Rogues Pierre concentrates on the internal crisis but his friend the Minister of Justice George dent motivates men young and old to join the war on the frontier he is rigorous and Loud everything that rubs PR is not soon downtown's name is heard throughout Paris Dental is a bigger than life character a man full of Life full of bombast Linda's Drinker debauchery who though he's from the educated classes and South is a guy who unlike grolsch beer can physically identify with the working how people you know where that Roasterie are simply cannot  is the enemy closes in Dental's fiery rhetoric mobilizes the people inspiring medic to take to the Battlefront at one of the moments of greatest Peril for the revolution the Austrian and Prussian armies are invading he gets out in front of the people of Paris and Shout Trudeau. Song called Road to El Dorado El Paso boldness more boldness forever boldness of the Fatherland is saved is really one of the people who manages to Rally country Against The Invader it's an extraordinary moment  with so many able-bodied men leaving for the front Paris is left defenseless as jails what political prisoners and unsettling fear floods the city the growing mass of prisoners may be impossible to contain more output a bloodthirsty called for revolutionary citizens to descend upon the prisons and Slaughter all inside the foreign armies would advancing on probably linked up in Parrish with these bitter enemies of the Revolution the presence of course then the results would it be in Fairly horrific some point to the people in the first week of September disastrous news arrives from the front is taking Verdun a town on the road to Paris the enemy is now just miles away the fear gripping Paris explode the song o'clock break into the prisons and Alicia Furious assault on the city's inmates they will no traitor alive  junkyard went to the prisons on TV the prisons where refractory priests were being held where nobles were being held replica prisoners were being held and they started carrying out their own impromptu trials that were very short and the very often simply ended with solder women are raped brutalized priests disembowel Aristocrats hacked to pieces did the Primeval Slaughter more than 1,600 are left dead in a matter of days  when word of the September massacres spread throughout Europe enemies of the Revolution Corsica cross the English Channel the London Times gives voice to the revulsion of the Rights of Man of human nature the most Sirens the Grange unexplored Africa rise Superior to these two legged Parisian Dependable the revolution has taken and in alterable turn even rubs PR understands that things have gone too far did the people cannot manage the revolution on their own they need guidance and ironhand and with the power of His words the ink Rises to the Forefront as the man who will guide the revolution  Robespierre had once pushed for a con now he believes there is no longer room for the king of amentis decision is made France will put its own cake on trial with a verdict the foregone conclusion the only debate is punishment  the motorist does your own dad called for sparing Louise life which isolates them in the convention I'm really crystallizes faction in the convention over the debate over the king because they well they certainly wanted to Republic they were less sure that the king should actually have to die but the general dad are outnumbered by the Jacobin call for blood  why did the Jacobins want to kill the king I think they want to kill the king because but as ropes Pierre brilliantly said you have to kill the king so the revolution can live if the king is if the king is right in the revolutions wrong any system that would ever been there's only one penalty for treason and his death so in this sentence if the king is guilty off betraying the country in a time of War then the argument is that he must suffer the death state treasurer on January 20th 1793 Louis XVI is declared guilty vengeance is red the king must die  good evening Louise briefly do you call in the face of their tears he promises to return the next morning to say a final goodbye he will not cannot bear his family's anguish and was not weakened way to the guillotine the next morning a closed Carriage brings Louie to the scaffold  stoic makes his way to the blade YouTube's to give a speech I trusted my death will be for the happiness of my people but I grieve for friends and I fear that she may suffer the anger of the Lord did the guards drown him out for the drummer 10:22 a.m. the man who once was King is no more in the temple prison Marie here's the Cannons fire sing the death of her husband she collapses in despair King's blood revolutionaries Victorious  but the enemies of the Revolution will soon claim a victory of their own their target the man who was calling for so many heads to roll John Paul Moran the execution of Louis XVI marks ultimate victory for the revolutionaries a pivotal moment when a young Nation French Republic is literally born in Blood by the end of 1792 the radical believing the young Revolution is in danger big Sabotage by Traders are steering the revolution with more and more violent means but this year on death representing the people in the French want to slow you sending violence for fear it will lead to Civil War their most vocal opponent John Paul Mara Strikes Back to the Gerald that with furious tirades in his newspaper naming those he believes are plotting against the revolution go to once called for the execution of 200 now demands 200,000 heads fall when you look journalism one basic principle which is be more extreme than anybody else I'm cool for people to be killed if you look at Mara's journalism all the time he say if only we jumped off a few heads then things will be alright and when things aren't alright if any chop up a few more heads will be alright suddenly people in Paris begin to Massacre people on Marrow is the first to claim credit for that but the radical movement has chicken hold everywhere people outside of Paris are furious at the spiraling brutality of the Jacobins and called for an end to the bloodline and the message reaches the lovely Charlotte corday and unassuming it determined young woman from the provinces play Korn a big is an average person in the city of Kong she's appalled by The Killing that's going on there and she perhaps rightly considers one of the chief authors of that he's been instrumental on the radical side of the Revolution he is at me to purple still calling for heads July 13th 1793 Charlotte corday arrives in Paris she knows the friend of the people has an open door policy at his home where he can be found at nearly any hour soaking when has medicinal bath play comes on the pretense that she carries a list of Traders those collaborating with foreign armies to put an end to the revolution  Laura ask the list promising kordei that the Traders will be guillotined the next day having given him that she done produces I point yard a little and stabs him in the chest the so-called friend of the people dies instantly angry voice is newspaper silenced when the revolution turns this stays very easy to say it was his fault and that those who hated them all filled in did say and that's what are the reasons why Charlotte corday actually moodysson 1793 because she regards him as responsible for many of the bloody prostitutes that I actually I could  Corde makes no attempt to escape at her trial she is unrepentant what did you expect to achieve in assassinating marah now the peace will return to my country Charlotte corday is swiftly executed and her dream of Peace dies along with her she has killed more of the man but she has created Mara the legend his death most famously depicted by the Ray painter jacques-louis Debbie he became a martyr if you can kind of almost religious figure you have offering a prayer to win Heart of Jesus heart of my ha we had these scenes at his funeral where the bathtub and what she was murdered was her to put up on the altar almost as if it was a kind of text if you look at the VTEC of my eyes death my house body is draped in precisely the same way has the body of Christ is depicted in classic representations of the pieta The Descent from the cross so clearly there identification of my with Christ a with my heart representing then you kind of God of the radical Republic robes Pierre is envious of the Adoration lavish to Palmera but ever the pragmatist he turns his attention to pressing matters at because they'll Mara is dead there are still others calling for blood Royal Blood wholesale jewelry deaths Dark at the chamber 8 months after the execution of her husband and just days after the killing of Charlotte corday Marie Antoinette is jail here in a hideous elderly alone one of the first things that happens to Marie after the execution of Louie is our children are ripped away from her her children were the most important thing to her and she knew that her who was going to be subjected to terrible abuse to make him forget that he was ever Royal by these revolutionaries  when it turns out she was right it only took what year is after her son died of terrible neglect and abuse  the ones vein Marie Antoinette is 38 years old but the revolution has aged her Beyond her years very pretty woman elegant until the revolution from 1788 89 she got Center change she became initiated when she arrived for her trial she was unrecognizable on October 15th Mary is put on trial accused of high treason and depleting the national Treasury the little evidence offered is salacious and vengeful ruler  the final charge is added to the list she is accused of incest with stop at this Murray stands to defend herself happy one amongst you who does not shut it at the idea of such Horrors yes and there was a change in the mood solve the women felt they were implicated and they realize they had gone too far with these accusations what was the Public's sympathy Marie hope she will be deported to Austria but her hopes are dashed when the sentence is handed down she is to meet the same fate as her husband  the internet was missing student from the start she was the symbol of this Austrian Alliance that it proved Masters for France she was along with her husband the laughing stock because of the apparent sexual failure of their marriage and she was a symbol of Court culture at time when people are coming to see the court culture itself or something completely corrupt and terrible for the country so for all of these reasons she was hated like no queen of France it ever been hated before she would reviled  from Purcell Murray writes a final letter bidding farewell to her children and family promising to be brave her long gray hair is cut in preparation for the blade her hands are tightly bound as she is escorted from the prison Gates she expects the carriage said that awaits a common criminals cartoon  the hopes when she's taken off to execution that she's going to get the same treat to the king meaning she would be an enclosed Carriage soap with the crowd couldn't get her but they just put her in an open wagon where people would shout all sorts of things horror sings horrible threats at her the shadow of the Sovereign she wants was Marie Antoinette maintains queenly dignity as she is paraded through the streets of Paris are name and the charges against her are red. the last queen of France is dead several days later following countless more executions member of the National Convention notes the pointless waste of life as one for another of his colleagues are lost the guillotine  the revolution is like Saturn devouring its own children he says Dental sleep Solutions my friend cannot be made with rose water  the Bloodshed has only just September 1793 4 years into the revolution my friends is being torn apart  there is violence Insurrection in the provinces the huge losses in the entering war against Europe K1 blistering defeat the British Navy takes the port city of too long  Europe eating away at France's borders  France single largest country in western Europe it's the most populous country in western Europe that has been the great military power and of course when it entered into the revolution a lot of its traditional animation also a lot of additional out I thought a hot this is our chance to not to carve a piece off of the actual play France but certainly to enrich ourselves that it's expensive to weaken it permanently instant invaded by Austria and Prussia the fattest of she's by a fear with the victory of the counter-revolution will lead to a bloodbath Dental at Rob's Pierre star origins of the convention realize that they must boldly strike out to save the revolution they convince their colleagues to Institute a menacing new form of Martial law it is time for all Frenchmen to enjoy sacred it is time to impose this a quality by signal acts of Justice upon treasures and conspirators make Sara Lee order of the day Las begins a new chapter in the revolution a period of violent repression called The Terror in a remarkable reversal the revolutionaries suspend the new Constitution and all the rights was to guarantee police scattered throughout the country anyone suspected of counter-revolutionary activity is rounded up quickly tried and sent to the National razor the reign of terror was conceived as an emergency government what they understood by Terror was striking into the hearts of the enemies of the Republic so that they would be either scared straight as it were or arrest and disposed off the slightest suspicion can send anyone to the scaffold politicians say a kind word of the defunct Monami anyone who uses the formal Miss year or Madame instead of the new form of address citizen the hair is fraught with paranoia neighbors denounced Neighbors the incessant sing of the Death Cards raccoons through the streets of Paris  execution is absolutely hanging over people in a sense that we know in Paris are police pies and there are quite a few please spies everywhere standing in bread lines listening to what the women are saying and turning and if they don't like what they hear you could be turned in not just for complaining about the high price of bread but you could be turned in supposedly even for not being in Shasta can ask about where things were going in the successes of the Revolution so just anything that would stand out for commentary could get you into trouble the convention sets up a revolutionary tribunal Expediting trials and executions with ruthless efficiency to consolidate power they form a 12-man council and call it the Committee of Public Safety ultimately power had to be delegated to a smaller group and that group Committee for Public Media Public Safety ultimately became 12 people who really ruled France has kind of collective dictatorship  what is Shuffle words and revolutionary Vision robes Pierre soon emerges as the committee's fiercest guiding voice that voice is calling for more blog  one of the paradoxes in good spirits political life is that he very really honest component of the death penalty of course this is face later when it becomes an equally passionate opponent of Terror and the guillotine he is he never particular response to that except to say well times have changed the revolution has large Brooks compassion supporter of a free press Hino reinstate censorship a Vestige of the old regime and with the search already under attack robes Pierre stand idly by as one of the most radical revolutionaries Jacques Renee and proposes a new agenda big christianisation when the prices of the wall and internal Rebellion as it is to begin to say the route to home problem this priest is religion the church  fanaticism that's what religion is all about and that's what we have to do is is stamp out this whole thing and Ty Lee Street scary word Saint I rename religious icons are destroyed and replaced with tribute to the new Saint Mara the church came to seem simply the enemy to the radical revolutionaries churches and Cathedrals are simply stripped of their altars stain glasses statues are smashed the wealth of the church is to Simply carted off of course for European opinion this was something even more shocking than the death of the king not when the Christian calendar is spared years are numbered no longer from the birth of Christ but from September 1792 the overthrow of the monarchy it is now Year One months are renamed according to the seasons July becomes Thermador April months are broken into three weeks of 10 days each  the Revolutionary calendar was certainly designed as a kind of weapon against Christianity against Christians course by having a 10-day week you no longer have Sundays so people wouldn't even know what day Sunday was anymore that's what they hoped  terrorist lacrosse friends insurrections are put down with a vicious unrelenting cruelty the city of Lee what color revolutionaries are gaining ground the Committee of Public Safety sets of brutal example  hundreds of what's are tied up marched into fields and mowed down on Mass the region called the Von day in the west of France has also become a counter-revolutionary stronghold Rebels and Priests are tied weather packed onto boats that are then mercilessness sunk  up to 100,000 people are killed long day alone in Paris the blade Falls at an Ever more frantic pace the French armies are finally seeing victories on the frontier under a Brigid young Commander named Nepal go to park the French army sends the British Navy into a demoralizing retreat at too long the revolution is on the rise Rose Pierre is at the height of his power he has taken on the enemies of the Revolution it sure did Success Through Terror 4 time the terror was very effective as a means of getting the country together getting the government together and fighting what was after all a war on several fronts Eastern front on the Northern front against external enemies also a civil war in the Valle de I which is the bloodiest of all also a civil war against the Sportage of the G Holland the revolutionaries who have turned against the government of Paris the terror has achieved its goals but it does not stop and it will not stop until it devours the very man who Unleashed it Maximilien Robespierre with the blood of the terror Maximilien Robespierre has rescued the Revolution and invigorated Army is repelling attacks border and internal dissent has been all but rushed  at the height of his success rub spear dreams up a loaf you go yet to use more terror to mold a new kind of society a republic of virtue while I vote play means civic virtue it's an actor principal for Robespierre for example you cannot be a virtuous citizen by simply obeying the laws and keeping your head down you must actively be involved in the work of the state and that includes four go spear destroying the enemies of the state on February 5th 7 94 Robespierre gives a speech outlining his philosophy  Terror without  disaster but without terror is powerless to Associated Terror with virtue Tara. he comes in his thinking an instrument by what you create virtual but others disagree for dental the revolution is heading down the wrong he and his followers the dentoni's believe it is time to bring the terror to a halt it has served its purpose and is in danger of in the revolutionaries into their own fire war effort is going better and Anton is is basically saying we need to get a new footing for the government we need to move to a kind of normalization ropes Pierre believes Denton will start organizing a group to argue that we should end the terror robes PR will see this as a direct threat to the government he will not it's just a difference of opinion about the direction of policy he will see it as potential treason A1 response to treason the d'antoni's surrounded up quickly sentenced to death Rogue spear has sent portable scaffold buddy is uneasy with the blood of execution he will not attend the beheadings of his former friends allies as he steps up to the blade Dental shouts what's the dentonis out of the way see your launches France into an even bloodier more horrified. The great Terror  the great terror is the name give what's the last phase of the terror in the spring of 1794 into the summer of 1794. At which the Temple of ikov executions really starts to increase in which the atmosphere of paranoid comparison really across the country starts to increase exponentially you can track the number of executions until it's up to almost $800 per month in Harrah's towards the end even more paris's executioner is busier than ever put on June 1794 the role of the carts comes to a halt the guillotine hang silent ropes Pierre has declared a new religious holiday the Festival of the Supreme Being he wants to replace the old Catholic god with a new one the goddess of reason  one thing about Robespierre said he never supported these atheist policies he believed the people needed to Divinity to believe him and he hell sponsor this cult that was called The Cult of the Supreme Being with this extraordinary templo in Paris and I believe it was June of 1794 which had wires of people dressed in white can you have just kind of paper mache Mountain that was built in the center of Paris and then of the critical moment of the ceremony you had Robespierre himself adre merging on the top of this mountain clad in a toga the marching down I think at this moment a lot of people felt alright who does he really think he is does he think he's God here does he think he's the king  as the great terrorist razon Rose Piers colleagues see the Festival of the Supreme Being as his departure from the realm of reality there are those who think of you're really has food so extreme and and so unreasonable the position that they can't turn back that is fanaticism is Cozumel overtaken and there are those who think he's just going nuts once again rubs PR suspicions turn to those closest at hand on June 27th now the Knights of Thermador he appears before the convention and delivers a speech of threats it is the last speech never give  brochure makes a tactical error he comes in and announces that he has a new list of enemies of the Republic but it won't give the list therefore everyone is afraid they might be on the list and when he comes back the next day to give the list he is arrested before he can speak  an unexpected what's the voices shouts Rogue spear.  Is stunned into silence  the deputies declare him an outlaw and immediately remove him from the convention rubs Pierre and several of his associates are taken to City Hall where they remain under watch for the night shots ring out in the early morning guards race to the second floor they fling the doors open to a Grizzly C one of Rob's Peters allies has thrown himself from the window another has taken a pistol to his head  and rubs where is found semi-conscious with a bullet wound to the face is Josh shattered of an apparent suicide attempt robes Pierre spends his last hours on the table of the Committee of Public Safety The Very Room where he had piloted the terror to its he sleep bloody Peak  craziest ridiculed and insulted by his former colleagues rubs is unable to respond The Grandmaster of oratory has been silenced in the conciergerie where the queen of France had preceded him rubs Pierre is prepared for the national razor  his cellmate the Revolutionary signs used next to a painting of the rights of man and declares at least we did that  rubs Pierre spearheaded a revolution and change the face of France  he had reordered society and engineer the bloody and tyrannical system to short success  but he was destined to be one of its final victims call. There is a great deal of enthusiasm for ending the terror nobody can figure out how to do it and what turns out to be the case is that the only thing that would lend it to her and apparently sing they can all agree upon is the fall of Robespierre  sponge July 27th 1794 the game rain comes down on The Incorruptible and the last Blood of the terror is shed the tarot dies with Rob's piano but the revolution does not the Rights of Man democracy the new Republic placements of the Revolution would far outlive any of the revolutionaries themselves  France would enter a period of on Frozen between fear of another Terror  or worse yet a return to the oppressive monarchy that preceded it 5 stagnant years would pass before power once again Consolidated in the hands of a single man Napoleon Bonaparte historians disagree over the end of the Revolution some believe it died with the rise of Napoleon others maintain did the revolution lived on into the 19th century and beyond the Revolution was the first ending model of a people it's Destiny and it's all hands the idea that the subjects of the oldest the most established the most glorious monarchy in Europe could decide to completely rewrite their history was something that had extraordinary res the revolution tore apart the old feudal fabric of Europe and forever changed the course of Western Civilization the question raised by the French Revolution is how much violence is Justified in achieving a better Society do people have the right to throw what they see as an unjust system to replace it with what they are convinced in their hearts is a more just system how much violence is Justified in doing that we still face this question today Rose Pierre and his colleagues were driving their country into the butcher many of them must have wondered what the final outcome would be more than 200 years after the birth of the French Republic the robes Pierre hangs over revolutions from Russia to Vietnam China to Latin America the friendships paraments with democracy have inspired models all over the world wherever tyranny takes root cry for justice is eternal Liberty equality fraternity for revolution

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